Ref NoMS/666
TitleDiplomas - George Bentham
AdminHistoryGeorge Bentham (1800-1884), CMG, FRS, FLS, was an English Botanist and author of a number of important botanical works.

Bentham was born on 22 September 1800 in Stoke, Plymouth, to Sir Samuel Bentham (1757-1831), a mechanical engineer and naval architect, and Mary Sophia Bentham (née Fordyce) (c. 1765-1858), a botanist and author.

He spent some of his childhood living in Russia and Sweden before his family moved to France in 1814 where his interests in science, philosophy and botany developed. In 1826 the family moved again to London where Bentham began to work for his uncle, the philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1842), and studied for the Bar. However, his career as a barrister was short lived due to his uncle's disapproval and his preference for Botany. His treatise 'Outlines of a new System of Logic' also achieved little attention due to the publisher going bankrupt and selling only sixty copies.

In 1828 he was elected as a Fellow of the Linnean Society having published 'Catalogie des plantes des Pyrenees' two years earlier, and he also became the Honorary Secretary of the Horticultural Society in 1830. He inherited his father's estate in 1831 and then the property of his uncle in 1832; taking on the responsibility of running his newly acquired estate in Montpellier while still finding time to pursue and discuss his scientific passions, and to translate his uncle's work into French. Bentham married Sarah Brydges (1798-1881), daughter of the diplomat, Sir Harford Jones Brydges, on 11 April 1833, but the two had no children.

He wrote a number of scientific works including 'Labiatraum Genera et Species' (1832-1836) and presented enough collections of plants and botanical books to Kew to fill several railway carriages. His methodical work at Kew encouraged a large number of highly regarded publications such as the 'Flora Hongkongensis' (1861) and 'Flora Australiensis' (1862-1883), on which he worked closely with J. D. Hooker (1817-1911).

One of the largest tasks he also worked on was the formation of the General Herbarium at Cambridge which took ten years to complete. In 1861 he began the Presidency of the Linnean Society, taking on much of the routine work there and overseeing the Society's move from its old quarters at the Royal Academy.

George Bentham died on the 10 September 1884, aged 83.
DescriptionDiplomas and certificates of membership by George Bentham with various associated letters of transmittal:

BD1 - List of foreign memberships, foreign honorary memberships, and corresponding memberships of George Bentham. (autograph).
BD2 - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Société Linnéenne d'Emulation de Bordeaux, 3 Aug 1820. (Wax seal affixed)
BD3 - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Horticultural Society of London, 24 Jun 1823. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD4 - Certificate, Member, Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Montpellier, 19 Nov 1825. (Wax seal affixed)
BD5 - Certificate, Ordinary Member, Societea Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum Mosquensia, 9 Dec 1826. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD6 - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 12 Jan 1827. (Wax seal affixed)
BD7 - Certificate, Associate Member, Académie de Vaucluse, Avignon, 25 Aug 1828. (Wax seal affixed)
BD8 - Form letter, Fellowship of the Zoological Society of London, 3 Jun 1830.
BD9a - Form letter, Membership of the Athenaeum, 12 Jun 1830.
BD9b - Athenaeum, 100 members elected by Lists, 3 Jul 1830.
BD10 - Certificate, Honorary Member, Verein zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten, Berlin, 12 Sep 1830. (Embossed seal)
BD11 - Letter, Membership of the Committee of Science and correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 27 Jan 1831. (Wax seal affixed)
BD12 - Notice, calling Bentham to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 18 Nov 1831. (Copy of Order)
BD13 - Letter, Membership of committee "to suggest to the Council generally on the Horticultural embellishment of the gardens of the Society", Zoological Society of London, 6 Dec 1831. (Wax seal affixed)
BD14a - Certificate, Honorary Member, Naval and Military Library and Museum, London, 31 Mar 1832.
BD14b - Letter, Honorary Member, Naval and Military Library and Museum, 2 Apr 1832. (Formal letter)
BD14c - Letter, Honorary Member, Naval and Military Library and Museum, 2 Apr 1832. (Informal letter)
BD15a - Letter, Corresponding Member, Nardin Botanico, Havana, 22 Oct 1832.
BD15b - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Jardin Botanico, Real Sociedad Patriotica de la Habana, 18 Dec 1832.
BD16a - Letter, Membership, Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Naturae Curiosorum, Breslau, 2 Nov 1834.
BD16b - Certificate, Membership, Academia Caesarea Leopoldino- Carolina Naturae Curiosorum, 3 Aug 1834. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD16c - Further diploma for the same Society, 3 Aug 1834.
BD16d - Further diploma for the same Society, 3 Aug 1834.
BD16e - Information sheet, Imp. Academiae Naturae Curiosorum, Erlangen, 1789.
BD16f - Information sheet, Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie der Naturforscher, Breslau, 31 Mar 1831.
BD17a - Certificate, Membership, Königliche botanische Gesellschaft in Regensburg, 15 Feb 1837. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD17b - Form letter transmitting above diploma, 15 Feb 1837.
BD18 - Certificate, Rissiiskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Sadovodstva S. Petersburg, 11 [May] 1837.
BD19a - Certificate, Honorary Fellow, Gesellschaft des Vaterländische Museum in Böhmen, Prag., 18 Apr 1838. (Embossed seal)
BD19b - Letter transmitting above certificate, dated 17 Sep 1838.
BD20a - Letter, announcing election as Honorary Member, Botanical Society of London, 7 Jan 1839.
BD20b - Draft of letter from Bentham to the Botanical Society of London asking to have his name withdrawn as an Honorary Member, 10 Jan 1839.
BD20c - Letter from the Society acceding to his request, 12 Feb 1839.
BD21a - Certificate, Member, Regia Academia Taurinensis, 7 Apr 1839. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD21b - Letter transmitting above certificate, 9 Apr 1839.
BD22a - Certificate, Foreign Member, K.K. Gartenbaugesellschaft in Wien, 1 May 1839. (Embossed seal)
BD22b - Letter, notification of above election, 7 Jul 1840.
BD22c - Letter, transmitting above certificate, 16 Jul 1840.
BD23 - Letter, transmitting an extract from Minutes of Council reporting Bentham's resignation of Secretaryship, Horticultural Society of London, 10 Apr 1841.
BD24a - Certificate, Honorary Member and Correspondent, Genootschap voor Landbouw en Kruidkunde, Utrecht, 5 Apr 1842. (Embossed seal)
BD24b - Form letter, notification of above election, 5 Apr 1842.
BD25 - Letter, notification of election to Membership of the Society for Promoting the Amendment of the Law, London, 19 Jun 1844.
BD26a - Certificate, Correspondent, Imperiale e Reale Accademia Economico-Agraria dei Georgofili di Firenze, 15 Mar 1847.
BD26b - Form letter, notification of above election, 15 Mar 1847.
BD27 - Certificate, Honorary Member, Die Pollichia - Naturwissenschaftliche Verein der bayerischen Pfalz, Durkheim, 14 Mar 1849. (Embossed seal)
BD28 - Letter transmitting medal, Imperiale e Reale Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale di Firenze, 31 May 1850.
BD29 - Certificate, Member, Regia Scientiarum Academia Borussica, Berlin, 26 Jul 1855.
BD30 - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Société Imperiale et Centrale d'Horticulture, Paris, 16 Aug 1855.
BD31 - Letter, Corresponding Member, Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelies de Cherbourg, 21 May 1856.
BD32 - Form letter, Member, Société Botanique de France, Paris, 30 Jun 1859.
BD33 - Letter, notification of Royal Medal, Royal Society of London, 5 Nov 1859.
BD34a - Certificate, Member, Academia Literarum et Scientiarum Regia Boica, Munich, 28 Nov 1859. (Embossed seal)
BD34b - Letter transmitting above certificate, 28 Nov 1859.
BD35 - Form letter, Fellow, Royal Society of London, 5 Jun 1862.
BD36 - Letter, notification of restoration to List of Fellows, Zoological Society of London, 17 Nov 1864.
BD37 - Letter, Honorary Fellow, Lyceum of Natural History in the City of New York, 11 Mar 1865. (Elected 14 Mar 1864)
BD38a - Letter from von Martius, K. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, 24 Apr 1864.
BD38b - Certificate, Member, Koeniglich-bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, 25 Jul 1865. (Embossed seal. In packet with wax seal affixed)
BD38c - Letter, relating to above certificate, 22 Aug 1865.
BD39a - Certificate, Honorary Fellow, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 11 Jan 1866.
BD39b - Form letter, nominating Bentham for election as an Honorary Fellow, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 12 Jan 1866.
BD40 - Form letter, Foreign Honorary Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Section of Botany, Boston, 29 May 1866. (Embossed seal)
BD41a - Certificate, Associate Member, Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique, 1 Dec 1867.
BD41b - Letter, notification of above election, 18 Dec 1867.
BD42a - Certificate, Member, Regia Scientiarum Academia Suecia, Stockholm, 10 May 1871.
BD42b - Letter, notification of award of above, 11 May 1871.
BD42c - Letter, Notification of election as Foreign Member, Académie Royale des Sciences, Stockholm, 6 Jun 1871.
BD43a - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Sociedade Vellosiana do Rio de Janeiro, 11 Aug 1871.
BD43b - Letter, notification of above election, 25 May 1873.
BD44a - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Section for Biology, Imperialis Academia Scientiarum Petropolitanae, 29 Dec 1872. (Embossed seal)
BD44b - Letter, notification of above election, 14 Jan 1873.
BD45a - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, 26 Apr 1873. (Wafer seal affixed)
BD45b - Letter, notification of above election, 28 Apr 1873.
BD46a - Letter, requesting Bentham's permission for his name to be proposed for honorary degree of LL.D., Cambridge, 27 Apr 1874.
BD46b - Extract from Cambridge University Reporter, 23 Jun 1874, pp.481-488, with notice of his honorary degree.
BD47a - Letter, requesting Bentham's permission for his name to be proposed as an Honorary Member, Chester Society of Natural Sciences, 11 Aug 1874.
BD47b - Letter, notification of above election, 26 Aug 1874.
BD48 - Letter, transmitting a silver medal struck by the Italian Ministry of Public Instruction to commemorate Bentham's visit to the Botanical Congress, Florence, May 1974. 4 Jan 1875.
BD49 - Letter, notification of election, Honorary Member, Regia Societa Toscana d'Orticultura Orto e Giardin Sperimentale, Florence, 30 Jan 1875.
BD50a - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Section Botanique, Institut de France, Académie des Sciences, Paris, 24 May 1875.
BD50b - Letter, notification of above election, 24 May 1875.
BD51a - Letter, notification of election, Corresponding Member, Societa Italiana del Progresso delle Scienze, Palermo, Jul 1875
BD51b - Certificate, Honorary Member, Academia Panormitana Scientiarum ac Litterarum, Palermo, 12 Mar 1876.
BD51c - Letter, from Real Accademia Palertimana di Scienze, Lettere e Arti, Palermo, 18 Mar 1876.
BD52a - Certificate, Honorary Member, Boston Society of Natural History, 2 May 1877.
BD52b - Letter, notification of above election, 4 May 1877.
BD53a - Certificate, Corresponding Member, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 25 Feb 1879. (Embossed)
BD53b - Form letter, notification of above election, 25 Mar 1879.
BD54a - Letter, appointment as Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, London, 23 May 1879.
BD54b - Grant of the Dignity of a Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Balmoral, 24 May 1879.
BD54c - Letter, from J.D. Hooker, regarding an error in the gazetting of above award in which Bentham was stated to have been a resident of Victoria, 27 May 1879.
BD54d - Letter, from Robert W. Herbert, again relating to this error, 29 May 1879.
BD54e - Letter, transmitting Warrant of the above Order.
BD55a - Letter, notification of election as Honorary Member, Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 20 May 1879.
BD55b - Letter, notification of above election, with printed note describing status of Honorary Members, 4 Jul 1879.
BD56a - Letter, notification of award of Clarke Memorial Medal, Royal Society of New South Wales, 30 Jul 1881.
BD56b - Letter, apologies for delay in sending above medal, 30 Jul 1881.
BD56c - Lists of awards of Clarke Memorial Medal for 1878, 1879 and 1880.
BD57a - Certificate, Honorary Member, Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, Berlin, 17 Sep 1883.
BD57b - Letter, notification of above election, 1 Oct 1883.
BD58 - List of Honorary Members, Kongl. Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund. (Bentham listed with Foreign Members, 1832)

Miscellaneous printed documents:
A) Personal-Stand der K.K. Universität zu Brag ... Schuljahre 1837.
B) Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und ?rzte zu Brag im Jahre 1837 conference programmes, speeches of welcome and other related material. (12 items)
C) Prolog (a poem) ... am Festen der Gartenfreunde ... Montag den 30 Jänner 1837, Wien.
D) Four printed itineraries (Marshut') for Moscow (3) and St. Petersburg stage coaches. (Not dated)
Date1820-1883
LevelItem
Extent[73] items in 9 folders
LanguageEnglish
Related MaterialMS/322, MS/328
NotesListed by G.D. Bridson
Creator NameBentham, George (1800-1884)
Access_StatusOpen
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